{"id":63030,"date":"2026-01-07T18:28:31","date_gmt":"2026-01-07T23:28:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thebeatnews.org\/BeatTeam\/?page_id=63030"},"modified":"2026-08-19T15:08:13","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T19:08:13","slug":"stop-stocking","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thebeatnews.org\/BeatTeam\/stop-stocking\/","title":{"rendered":"Stop Non-Native Fish Stocking"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"fish-page\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n\n\n\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebeatnews.org\/BeatTeam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/End-Stocking-e1769014543102.png\" \/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"fish-page\">\n<div class=\"fish-two-col\"><!-- LEFT COLUMN -->\n<div class=\"fish-col\">\n<div class=\"fish-yellow-callout\">\n<strong>\nMassachusetts continues to stock more than half a million non-native fish each year, despite scientific evidence that routine stocking can harm native species and ecosystems and despite the Commonwealth\u2019s own commitment to protecting biodiversity.<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fish-contact-block\">\n<div class=\"fish-clear\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<h2>WHAT IS FISH STOCKING?<\/h2>\n<p>\nFish stocking is the practice of raising fish in hatcheries\u2014indoor facilities where fish eggs are artificially bred and hatched, and the young fish are raised in a controlled environment\u2014and then releasing them into lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams. State and local agencies do this to introduce new species for sport and to increase the number of people purchasing fishing licenses, as some of the agencies&#8217; funding comes from these sales.<\/p>\n<p>\nRoutine fish stocking threatens <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldwildlife.org\/resources\/explainers\/what-is-biodiversity\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">biodiversity<\/a><sup><a href=\"#cite-1\">1, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-2\">2, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-49\">49<\/a><\/sup> and native fish, <sup><a href=\"#cite-3\">3, <\/a><\/sup>\n<sup><a href=\"#cite-4\">4, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-5\">5, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-6\">6, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-7\">7<\/a><\/sup> results in extremely high fish mortality,<sup><a href=\"#cite-8\">8<\/a><\/sup> and continues without adequate ecological impact studies on Massachusetts ecosystems.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"fish-yellow-callout\">\n<strong>\nResearch shows clear negative effects<\/strong>\n<ul>Stocked fish, especially non-native species:\n<li>Displace wild fish from their natural habitats<\/li>\n<li>Introduce diseases and parasites\nDisrupt the natural balance of aquatic ecosystems<\/li>\n<li>Have high mortality rates<\/li>  \n<li>Negatively impact native aquatic organisms, including other fish species<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>\nRedirecting funding toward habitat restoration, science-based conservation, and accessible, hands-on, community-based education would better protect Massachusetts rivers and lakes and align with the state\u2019s biodiversity mandate.<\/p>\n<div class=\"fish-clear\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<h2>Why BEAT is taking a stand<\/h2>\n<p>Routine stocking of non-native fish undermines biodiversity, pollutes waterways, and distracts from the work that truly protects rivers and native species.<\/p>\n<p>Ending the practice would align Massachusetts fisheries and wildlife management with the Governor\u2019s biodiversity mandate and reflect science-based stewardship.<\/p>\n<p>We believe it is time to move beyond stocking fish destined to die and invest instead in healthy ecosystems that sustain life for generations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Watch our in-depth <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VAK0E1R6Zec\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> webinar <\/a> that provides a science-based overview of fish stocking in Massachusetts.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/.fish-col (LEFT COLUMN) --><!-- RIGHT COLUMN -->\n<div class=\"fish-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebeatnews.org\/BeatTeam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Screenshot-2026-01-12-at-3.55.23-PM.png\" alt=\"Join us in taking action\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"fish-contact-block\">\n<h2>YOUR VOICE MATTERS.<\/h2>\n<p><strong>You can make a difference by urging state officials to rethink fish stocking in Massachusetts.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Reach out as an individual or on behalf of an organization\u2014every call, email, and letter counts.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"shout\"><strong>ASK THEM TO STOP STOCKING YOUR LOCAL WATERBODY! Refer to\/use our <a href=\"#further-reading\"> email templates <\/a> for individuals and for organizations\/groups<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"contact-row\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"arrow\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebeatnews.org\/BeatTeam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Yellow-highlighted-arrow.png\" alt=\"\">\n<div class=\"contact-text\">\n<div class=\"contact-title\">CONTACT THE COMMISSIONER OF MASS. DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME (DFG)<\/div>\n<div class=\"contact-line\">Tom O\u2019Shea<\/div>\n<div class=\"contact-line\">Email: <a href=\"mailto:tom.oshea@mass.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tom.oshea@mass.gov<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"contact-line\">Phone: <a href=\"tel:+16176261550\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">617-626-1550<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"contact-row\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"arrow\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebeatnews.org\/BeatTeam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Yellow-highlighted-arrow.png\" alt=\"\">\n<div class=\"contact-text\">\n<div class=\"contact-title\">CONTACT THE MASSWILDLIFE BOARD<\/div>\n<div class=\"contact-line\">Email: <a href=\"mailto:mass.wildlife@mass.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mass.wildlife@mass.gov<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"contact-row\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"arrow\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebeatnews.org\/BeatTeam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Yellow-highlighted-arrow.png\" alt=\"\">\n<div class=\"contact-text\">\n<div class=\"contact-title\">CONTACT YOUR LOCAL MASSWILDLIFE DISTRICT<\/div>\n<div class=\"contact-line\">Western District: <a href=\"tel:+14136841646\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">(413) 684-1646<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"contact-line\">CT Valley District: <a href=\"tel:+14133237632\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">(413) 323-7632<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"contact-line\">Central District: <a href=\"tel:+15088353607\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">(508) 835-3607<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"contact-line\">Northeast District: <a href=\"tel:+19787722145\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">(978) 772-2145<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"contact-line\">Southeast District: <a href=\"tel:+15087593406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">(508) 759-3406<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fish-contact-block\">\n<h2>It Works!<\/h2>\n<p>After more than 60 people emailed and wrote to the MassWildlife Board, stocking in the upper Deerfield River ended in early 2025.<\/p>\n<p>Public pressure can lead to real science-based changes in how we manage wild fish, their natural habitats, and our native ecosystems.<\/p>\n<div class=\"contact-row\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"arrow\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebeatnews.org\/BeatTeam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Yellow-highlighted-arrow.png\" alt=\"\">\n<p><strong>And check out BEAT&#8217;s pamphlet on this issue &amp; stop by our center to pick up a few to share!<\/strong><\/p>\n<a class=\"fish-download-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thebeatnews.org\/BeatTeam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/BEAT-Stop-Fish-Stocking-Pamphlet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> View the Pamphlet<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/.fish-col (RIGHT COLUMN) -->\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/.fish-two-col -->\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/.fish-page --><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"fish-page\">\n<div class=\"fish-contact-block\">\n<h2>Stocked Massachusetts Waters<\/h2>\n<!-- Add script to the <head> of your page to load the embeddable map component -->\n<script type=\"module\" src=\"https:\/\/js.arcgis.com\/5.0\/embeddable-components\/\"><\/script>\n\n\n\n<!-- Add custom element to <body> of your page -->\n\n <arcgis-embedded-map style=\"height:600px;width:1075px;\" item-id=\"125c40eb745145eda211687021f938ba\" theme=\"light\" heading-enabled legend-enabled time-zone-label-enabled center=\"-71.542885486364,42.17284058587224\"scale=\"2311162.217155\" portal-url=\"https:\/\/beatdata.maps.arcgis.com\"><\/arcgis-embedded-map>\n<\/div>\n<p>This interactive map was created using data available on MassWildlife&#8217;s page on Mass.gov. Click the map legend to see what each color indicates. You can also click a specific point to see which waterbody it is, the town it&#8217;s in, and whether it&#8217;s stocked in spring, fall, or both seasons.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"fish-page\">\n<div class=\"fish-contact-block\">\n<h2>Fish Stocking Is Ecologically Unsound and Conflicts with the Commonwealth&#8217;s Biodiversity Commitments<\/h2>\n<p>Fish stocking conflicts with Governor Healey\u2019s Biodiversity Mandate. Under Governor Healey\u2019s Biodiversity and Conservation Mandate, all executive departments and agencies are required to support comprehensive biodiversity conservation goals.<sup><a href=\"#cite-21\">21<\/a><\/sup> As stated in the mandate: \u201cAll executive department offices and agencies shall support the Commissioner of the Department of Fish and Game in this comprehensive review of biodiversity conservation goals.\u201d Routine stocking of non-native fish is fundamentally at odds with this mandate. Rather than protecting biodiversity, stocking introduces non-native species that alter food webs, increase competition, and weaken native ecosystems.<sup><a href=\"#cite-1\">1, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-2\">2, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-22\">22<\/a><\/sup> <\/p>\n<div class=\"fish-yellow-callout\">\n<div class=\"fish-yellow-quote\">\u201cDespite its critical value, biodiversity is in crisis, both globally and right here in Massachusetts. More than 450 species are threatened, and hundreds more are at risk. Habitat loss, pollution of our lands and waters, and invasive species\u2014all amplified by climate change\u2014threaten our collective future.\u201d<\/div>\n<div class=\"fish-yellow-attribution\">\u2014 Commissioner Tom O\u2019Shea <sup><a href=\"#cite-23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>Eastern brook trout <em>(Salvelinus fontinalis)<\/em> provide a clear, local example of the responsibility described above. MassWildlife identifies brook trout as a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/info-details\/list-of-endangered-threatened-and-special-concern-species\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cSpecies of Greatest Conservation Need\u201d<\/a> in the federally mandated <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/info-details\/massachusetts-state-wildlife-action-plan-swap\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Massachusetts State Wildlife Action Plan.<\/a> Brook trout are not alone. The Commonwealth also identifies numerous other native freshwater fishes\u2014including blueback herring, alewife, American shad, American eel, white sucker, slimy sculpin, banded sunfish, creek chubsucker, swamp darter, tessellated darter, spotfin killifish, common shiner, sea lamprey, blacknose dace, longnose dace, and creek chub\u2014as Species of Greatest Conservation Need. In addition, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/species\/shortnose-sturgeon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">shortnose sturgeon<\/a> is federally listed as Endangered under the Endangered Species Act. These designations reflect the Department of Fish &amp; Game\u2019s own recognition that many native fish species require focused conservation efforts to prevent further decline.<\/p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fish-inline-img-right\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebeatnews.org\/BeatTeam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Massachusetts-Biodiversity.png\">\n<p>\nBecause brook trout are experiencing documented population decline, they fall squarely within the category of species that require targeted conservation action. Under the Commonwealth\u2019s biodiversity and conservation framework, species in decline warrant clear, species-specific management measures\u2014whether through formal conservation plans or enforceable management standards\u2014with defined objectives, monitoring benchmarks, and adaptive strategies incorporated into agency operations.<\/p>\n\n<p>\nContinuing stocking of non-native predatory fish species in waters that still support brook trout and other native Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) conflicts with this responsibility, particularly in the absence of enforceable protections designed to prevent further population decline.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fish-contact-block\">\n<div class=\"fish-clear\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<h2>Native Brook Trout are in decline, and stocking adds pressure<\/h2>\n<p>It is undisputed that eastern brook trout populations are declining. Across its native range, brook trout populations are estimated to have declined by approximately 50% over the last 25 years, due to habitat loss, invasive species, and climate change.<sup><a href=\"#cite-24\">24, ,<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-25\">25, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-26\">26<\/a><\/sup> Brook trout depend on cold, clean, flowing water and are highly sensitive to warming temperatures.<\/p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fish-inline-img-right\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebeatnews.org\/BeatTeam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/white-background-Native-Brook-Trout-are-in-decline-and-stocking-adds-pressure.png\">\n<p>As climate change increases temperature variability, brook trout are increasingly outcompeted and displaced by non-native brown trout <em>(Salmo trutta)<\/em> and non-native rainbow trout <em>(Oncorhynchus mykiss),<\/em><sup><a href=\"#cite-27\">27, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-28\">28, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-29\">29, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-30\">30<\/a><\/sup> which are more aggressive and can tolerate warmer and more variable conditions.<sup><a href=\"#cite-7\">7<\/a><\/sup> Stocking brown trout and rainbow trout into systems that still support eastern brook trout and other SGCN imposes competitive pressure and risks accelerating declines in native populations.<sup><a href=\"#cite-27\">27, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-31\">31, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-32\">32, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-56\">56<\/a><\/sup> Rainbow and brown trout tend to occupy a higher trophic position than our smaller native brook trout. These two non-native species function as more top-level predators in freshwater ecosystems, feeding on other fish and prey that are higher up the food web.<sup><a href=\"#cite-33\">33, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\nWhile MassWildlife has conducted some studies on brook trout, it has not examined the impact of regular stocking of non-native fish on native aquatic species. Other peer-reviewed research conducted in U.S. states has found significant evidence that removing brown and rainbow trout from brook trout-supportive streams is a promising management strategy for the conservation of native brook trout and other non-game native fish.<sup><a href=\"#cite-5\">5, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-7\">7, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-29\">29, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-30\">30, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-35\">35, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-36\">36<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"fish-clear\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Brook Trout Populations Overlap With State Stocking<\/h2>\n<script type=\"module\" src=\"https:\/\/js.arcgis.com\/5.0\/embeddable-components\/\"><\/script>\n\n <arcgis-embedded-map style=\"height:600px;width:1075px;\" item-id=\"5fcc5f4079d24246997639e439d1cc1d\" theme=\"light\" time-zone-label-enabled=\"\" center=\"-72.10164532375931,42.35619663136193\" scale=\"1155581.108577\" portal-url=\"https:\/\/beatdata.maps.arcgis.com\"><\/arcgis-embedded-map>\n<p>Map Note: This interactive map was created using data from MassWildlife&#8217;s trout stocking report and catchment and patch scale assessments from the <a href=\"https:\/\/easternbrooktrout.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Eastern Brook Trout Joint Venture <\/a> (EBTJV). EBTJV uses a predictive model to estimate the presence of eastern brook trout in areas upstream of sampled locations. Across the region\u2014from Georgia to Maine\u2014this includes hundreds of thousands of small catchments (typically 1\u20132 km in length), many of which have predicted salmonid occupancy. Given the scale of the dataset, it is not feasible to verify each catchment through fieldwork or manual review. As a result, these data are best used to understand broad, landscape-level patterns rather than conditions within specific stream reaches.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"fish-clear\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"fish-contact-block\">\n<div class=\"fish-clear\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fish-inline-img-right\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebeatnews.org\/BeatTeam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/whitebackground-Non-native-fish-disrupt-food-chains-ecosystem-function.png\">\n<h2>Non-native fish disrupt food chains &amp; ecosystem function<\/h2>\n<p>Non-native fish can have significant impacts on aquatic food chains, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reducing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/national-aquatic-resource-surveys\/indicators-zooplankton\">zooplankton<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/earth-observatory\/what-are-phytoplankton\/\">phytoplankton<\/a> populations<sup><a href=\"#cite-37\">37, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-38\">38, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Impacts to invertebrate communities<sup><a href=\"#cite-1\">1, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-4\">4, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-8\">8, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-40\">40, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Causing declines in the abundance of native fish species<sup><a href=\"#cite-5\">5, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Increasing algal biomass,<sup><a href=\"#cite-1\">1<\/a><\/sup> which reduces oxygen levels and degrades water quality<\/li>\n<li>Increasing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/system\/files\/documents\/2021-07\/parameter-factsheet_turbidity.pdf\">turbidity,<\/a> which harms photosynthetic aquatic plants<sup><a href=\"#cite-38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Disrupting the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/trophic-cascade\">trophic cascade<\/a> that supports healthy ecosystems<sup><a href=\"#cite-22\">22, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-38\">38, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-39\">39, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These disruptions affect not only the food resources available to native trout, but also aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems\u2014including insects, plants, birds, and other organisms throughout connected watersheds.<sup><a href=\"#cite-22\">22, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-41\">41<\/a><\/sup> <\/p>\n<p>In addition, non-native fish can indirectly support other invasive species.<sup><a href=\"#cite-42\">42, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-43\">43<\/a><\/sup> For example, stocking can bolster populations of the Chinese mystery snail,<sup><a href=\"#cite-38\">38<\/a><\/sup> an invasive species present in Massachusetts that outcompetes native snails and further disrupts food webs and ecosystem balance.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"fish-clear\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fish-contact-block\">\n<h2>Fish stocking produces pollution and releases chemicals in rivers and streams<\/h2>\n<p>\nRaising hundreds of thousands of fish in hatcheries and repeatedly introducing them into natural waterways is ecologically unsound and environmentally harmful. Hatchery operations generate pollution,<sup><a href=\"#cite-9\">9<\/a><\/sup> including greenhouse gas emissions,<sup><a href=\"#cite-10\">10<\/a><\/sup> wastewater discharge,<sup><a href=\"#cite-11\">11<\/a><\/sup> and nutrient loading into rivers and streams.<sup><a href=\"#cite-12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\nHatcheries require large amounts of clean water and significant energy to maintain artificial growing conditions. The wastewater they discharge contains fish waste, uneaten feed, and treatment chemicals. Because hatcheries discharge pollutants directly into waterways, they require National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits under the Clean Water Act.<\/p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fish-inline-img-right\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebeatnews.org\/BeatTeam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/white-background-Fish-stocking-produces-pollution.algal-bloom.png\">\n<p>\nDischarge from hatcheries can contribute to excess nutrients, particularly phosphorus, into waterways. Elevated nutrient levels can fuel harmful algal blooms and reduce oxygen levels, sometimes creating what are known as \u201cdead zones\u201d where aquatic life struggles to survive.<sup><a href=\"#cite-11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>A recent example of this occurred in 2022, when the Conservation Law Foundation filed a lawsuit against New Hampshire Fish and Game because one of its hatcheries was discharging significant amounts of phosphorus into the Merrymeeting River, causing dangerous algal blooms in a downstream lake.<sup><a href=\"#cite-12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Despite MassWildlife\u2019s stated commitment to preserving clean water, four of its hatcheries have violated their NPDES permit within the last three years <em>(as of early 2026)<\/em>.<sup><a href=\"#cite-13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\nLooking beyond their environmental impacts, fish hatcheries also share many characteristics with industrial animal production facilities (i.e., factory farms or CAFOs). Fish are raised at extremely high densities in artificial conditions that bear little resemblance to natural ecosystems, creating environments where diseases and parasites can spread readily. Like other forms of intensive animal agriculture, hatcheries rely on manufactured feed formulations containing dozens of ingredients, many of which are derived from industrial agriculture or other animal production systems and also contain antibiotics.<sup><a href=\"#cite-54\">54<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\nBecause hatcheries concentrate hundreds of thousands of fish in confined spaces, they routinely rely on chemical treatments to control disease and improve survival.<\/p>\n<ul>MassWildlife uses the following:\n<li>Florfenicol: a broad-spectrum, fluorinated synthetic antibiotic that via medicated feed to treat bacterial infections.<\/li>\n<li>Chloramine-T, a biocide, to treat Bacterial Gill Disease (BGD)<\/li>\n<li>Hydrogen peroxide as a fungicide treatment<\/li>\n<li>Salt, which is applied through their hatcheries\u2019 flow-through systems as an osmoregulatory aid, a stress reliever, and an antiparasitic.<\/li> \n<\/ul>\n<p>This means that MassWildlife is releasing fluorinated synthetic antibiotics, biocides, and other chemicals, as well as salt, directly into Massachusetts waterways via their wastewater discharge.<sup><a href=\"#cite-14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"fish-clear\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<center><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebeatnews.org\/BeatTeam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Florfenicol-antibiotic-graphic-scaled.png\"\nstyle=\"width:600px; height:auto;\"><\/center>\n<h3>Antibiotics released into waterways<\/h3>\n<p>Antibiotic resistance occurs naturally, but decades of excessive antibiotic use have accelerated its spread. This creates selective pressure that allows resistant bacteria to survive, multiply, and share resistance genes. Those genes can spread through water, biofilms, and even in the absence of antibiotics \u2014 sometimes reinforced by other pollutants like heavy metals.<\/p>\n<p>In fish production, antibiotics are used to prevent and treat disease in densely packed conditions. Studies show that up to 80% of antimicrobials administered to fish can be excreted in active form through urine and feces. That means these compounds can enter surrounding waters, where they may contribute to the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.<\/p>\n<p>Antibiotic resistance is already a major global public health crisis, responsible for millions of deaths each year, and public health experts warn it will continue to worsen with excessive or unnecessary use in agricultural systems.<\/p>\n<div class=\"fish-clear\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<h3>Salt pollution affects freshwater ecosystems<\/h3>\n<p>Salt is commonly used in fish hatcheries to reduce stress, treat parasites and fungal infections, and improve fish survival. However, when salt enters rivers and streams through hatchery wastewater, it can contribute to rising salinity in freshwater ecosystems\u2014an issue that\u2019s already occurring in many rivers across the globe, primarily due to human activities such as salting roads during winter.<sup><a href=\"#cite-15\">15<\/a><\/sup>  Even relatively small increases in salinity can disrupt the delicate balance that freshwater plants and animals have evolved to tolerate.<\/p> \n<p>Elevated salt concentrations can impair the growth, reproduction, and survival of aquatic organisms, alter community composition, and reduce biodiversity.<sup><a href=\"#cite-16\">16<\/a><\/sup> Salt can also affect water quality by changing the movement and availability of nutrients and metals in sediments, potentially increasing toxicity of other pollutants.<sup><a href=\"#cite-17\">17<\/a><\/sup> Although salt occurs naturally, repeated or excessive discharges can have lasting ecological consequences, particularly in smaller streams where dilution is limited.<\/p> \n<p>Pollution concerns do not end when hatchery fish leave the facility. Stocking itself introduces large amounts of fish biomass into aquatic ecosystems over a very short period of time. When a significant portion of those fish die quickly, decompose, or are consumed in unnatural pulses, it raises concerns about additional nutrient pollution. Research indicates such events can contribute excess nutrients to waterways, causing less oxygen and poor water quality, and disrupting ecosystem function.<sup><a href=\"#cite-18\">18, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-19\">19, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"fish-clear\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fish-contact-block\">\n<h2>Hybridization weakens wild populations<\/h2>\n<p>Stocking weakens wild populations at the genetic level;<sup><a href=\"#cite-43\">43, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-44\">44<\/a><\/sup> if hatchery fish interbreed with wild populations, the result is hybridization\u2014the process by which two different species successfully breed and produce offspring\u2014 which weakens the genetic adaptations that wild fish have developed over generations.<sup><a href=\"#cite-45\">45, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-46\">46<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fish-inline-img-right\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebeatnews.org\/BeatTeam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/white-background-wild-brook-trout-spawning.png\">\n<p>This loss of local adaptation reduces:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Fitness<\/li>\n<li>Disease resistance<\/li>\n<li>Reproductive success<\/li>\n<li>Long-term survival<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For native trout already stressed by climate change and habitat degradation, genetic dilution further undermines population resilience. Stocking doesn\u2019t just add fish, it can erode the genetic strength of wild populations.<\/p>\n<div class=\"fish-clear\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fish-contact-block\">\n<h2>Hatchery trout are raised knowing most will die shortly after release<\/h2>\n<p>Stocked fish experience extremely high mortality rates shortly after release. Studies routinely document mortality rates ranging from 42.5% to over 90% within weeks to months.<\/p>\n<p>Examples include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A New York study documenting 99.9% mortality over two years<sup><a href=\"#cite-18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>A Housatonic River study that failed to recapture 67.5% of fish released in the fall, suggesting high mortality <sup><a href=\"#cite-47\">47<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>A MassWildlife study on the Swift River, showing that 50% of rainbow trout and 33% of brown trout were unaccounted for just one week after stocking <sup><a href=\"#cite-48\">48<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fish-inline-img-right fish-inline-img-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebeatnews.org\/BeatTeam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Fish-mortality-statistic.png\" alt=\"Fish mortality from stocking\">\n<p>MassWildlife stocks over 500,000 fish each year, and by the department\u2019s own admission, almost all of these fish die shortly after release.<sup><a href=\"#cite-50\">50<\/a><\/sup> In numerous water bodies where stocking has occurred, non-native species populations have become established, with potential long-term ecological consequences.<\/p>\n<p>One contributing factor to high mortality is competition: stocked fish are often outcompeted by wild fish and are poorly equipped to forage or survive in wild conditions.<sup><a href=\"#cite-51\">51<\/a><\/sup> Hatchery fish are raised in ultra-controlled environments and often lack the experience and adaptations needed to survive in the wild. According to MassWildlife fish biologists, many stocked fish do not survive long after release and try to eat things like rocks and sticks because they are accustomed to being fed pellets.<sup><a href=\"#cite-50\">50<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p>The high rate of fish mortality following stocking events raises additional concerns about a second source of nutrient pollution. Stocking introduces large volumes of fish into aquatic ecosystems all at once. When a significant portion of these fish die quickly, decompose, or are consumed in unnatural pulses, it can put further stress on aquatic ecosystems. Decaying fish biomass releases nitrogen into waterways and can contribute to <a href=\"https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/facts\/eutrophication.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">eutrophication<\/a> and oxygen depletion. Elevated nitrogen levels can lead to algal blooms, reduced dissolved oxygen, and degraded water quality and aquatic habitat; these conditions further harm native species and overall ecosystem health.<sup><a href=\"#cite-20\">20, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-52\">52<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"fish-clear\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<h2>No Monitoring, No Accountability<\/h2>\n<p>There is inadequate research and oversight of fish stocking and no comprehensive monitoring in Massachusetts. Regardless of the millions of dollars funding the practice, and despite the scale of the program, MassWildlife has not conducted or published comprehensive studies on:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The effects of stocking on native fish populations<\/li>\n<li>The impacts on aquatic <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/system\/files\/documents\/2021-07\/parameter-factsheet_macroinvertebrates.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> macroinvertebrates <\/a> and primary producers, which form the foundation of freshwater food webs<\/li>\n<li>Public perception of fish stocking (as opposed to biodiversity-supportive investment like habitat restoration, youth education, etc.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Because research elsewhere shows significant harm to native fish, amphibians, and invertebrate communities, <strong>the absence of Massachusetts-specific studies represents a serious gap in oversight and accountability.<\/strong> MassWildlife has not adequately demonstrated that its practices do not cause ecological harm.<\/p>\n<p>\nThe agency has not demonstrated sufficient public support for routine stocking of non-native fish. BEAT has been interviewing anglers, river conservation groups, and other interested stakeholders, and conversations so far suggest that many prefer native fish and healthy habitat over put-and-take stocking programs. Without transparent public input or documented support from Massachusetts residents, continuing this practice raises questions about whose interests are being served.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"fish-clear\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fish-contact-block\">\n<h2>Resources should be redirected toward habitat, restoration, and education<\/h2>\n<p>Funding and resources devoted to hatcheries, fish production, transportation, and repeated stocking events could instead be invested in strategies proven to support long-term ecosystem health. The Department of Fish and Game should redirect resources toward proven conservation strategies, including:<\/p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fish-inline-img-right\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebeatnews.org\/BeatTeam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Coldwater-Stream-e1769014501232.png\">\n<ul>\n<li>Creating and restoring habitat that supports native brook trout and other native species<\/li>\n<li>Dam removal and improving stream connectivity<\/li>\n<li>Enhancing cold-water refuges and riparian shading<\/li>\n<li>Education, outreach, and public engagement on the importance of native biodiversity and healthy, sustainable ecosystems<\/li>\n<li>Supporting partnerships among agencies, nonprofits, and local stakeholders to address regional ecological threats<\/li>\n<li>Research and monitoring to guide adaptive management<\/li>\n<li>Restoring populations impacted by habitat modification, invasive species, or other disturbances<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These approaches are consistent with recommendations from the Eastern Brook Trout Joint Venture and other conservation strategy working groups, and align with Massachusetts\u2019 biodiversity goals to protect native species across their historic range.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nHowever, <strong><em>restoration isn\u2019t enough.<\/em><\/strong> Scientific research indicates that restoring habitat while still continuing to stock non-native brown and rainbow trout may be a futile effort. Numerous studies have demonstrated habitat restoration alone may unintentionally favor non-native trout, thereby supporting their populations as they continue to cause native biodiversity to decline.<sup><a href=\"#cite-30\">30, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-36\">36, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-37\">37<\/a><\/sup> One study conducted in 2011 found that, after restoration of a Wisconsin brook trout stream, brook trout populations declined by 70%, while brown trout abundance increased more than 30-fold.<sup><a href=\"#cite-53\">53<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"fish-clear\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fish-contact-block\">\n<h2>What Experts and Conservation Groups Say<\/h2>\n<p>Scientific consensus strongly cautions against routine fish stocking:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Approximately 83% of published research on fish stocking finds negative impacts on wild populations.<sup><a href=\"#cite-57\">57<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Conservation organizations including the Conservation Law Foundation and the Center for Biological Diversity have advocated for ending or sharply limiting the practice.<sup><a href=\"#cite-58\">58<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Angler organizations, such as Trout Unlimited and the Native Fish Coalition, have called for reducing or ending stocking in favor of habitat-based management.<sup><a href=\"#cite-53\">53, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-59\">59, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-60\">60, <\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#cite-61\">61<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nRoutine fish stocking is often presented as a beneficial conservation practice, yet decades of scientific research show it can undermine the very ecosystems it is intended to support. Massachusetts has committed itself to protecting biodiversity, conserving native species, and making science-based management decisions. Those commitments are at odds with routine stocking of non-native fish, especially in the absence of comprehensive ecological monitoring. Redirecting resources toward habitat restoration, watershed protection, native species conservation, and public educational programs about the impacts of fish stocking and the importance of healthy, sustainable ecosystems would provide lasting benefits for freshwater ecosystems and better reflect the Commonwealth\u2019s stated conservation goals.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"fish-yellow-callout\">\n<h2>Take Action<\/h2>\n<p>\n  Ask state officials to stop stocking non-native fish in your local waterbody.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"fish-contact-list\">\n  <div class=\"fish-contact-item\">\n    <strong>Commissioner, Massachusetts Department of Fish and Game<\/strong>\n    <div class=\"fish-contact-details\">\n      Tom O\u2019Shea<br>\n      Email:\n      <a href=\"mailto:tom.oshea@mass.gov\">tom.oshea@mass.gov<\/a><br>\n      Phone:\n      <a href=\"tel:+16176261550\">617-626-1550<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"fish-contact-item\">\n    <strong>Your Local MassWildlife District<\/strong>\n    <div class=\"fish-contact-details\">\n      Western District:\n      <a href=\"tel:+14136841646\">(413) 684-1646<\/a><br>\n      Connecticut Valley District:\n      <a href=\"tel:+14133237632\">(413) 323-7632<\/a><br>\n      Central District:\n      <a href=\"tel:+15088353607\">(508) 835-3607<\/a><br>\n      Northeast District:\n      <a href=\"tel:+19787722145\">(978) 772-2145<\/a><br>\n      Southeast District:\n      <a href=\"tel:+15087593406\">(508) 759-3406<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"fish-clear\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"fish-further-reading\" aria-labelledby=\"further-reading\">\n<h2 id=\"further-reading\">Further Reading<\/h2>\n<p class=\"fish-further-reading-intro\">Additional authoritative resources and peer-reviewed research worth checking out:<\/p>\n<details class=\"fish-reading-accordion\">\n<summary>Open the list<\/summary>\n<div class=\"fish-reading-grid\">\n\n<article class=\"fish-reading-card\">\n<h3 class=\"fish-reading-title\">Ecological Impacts of Fish Stocking<\/h3>\n<div class=\"fish-reading-meta\">Summaries of scientific literature and supporting resources on fish stocking, non-native fish, hatchery practices, and impacts on native species and aquatic ecosystems.<\/div>\n<a class=\"fish-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thebeatnews.org\/BeatTeam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Summarized-Scientific-References-from-BEATs-Stop-Stocking-Campaign.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Read \u2192 <\/a><\/article>\n\n<article class=\"fish-reading-card\">\n<h3 class=\"fish-reading-title\">Taking Stock: Fisheries Management and Its Impacts on Biodiversity<\/h3>\n<div class=\"fish-reading-meta\">From the Ground Up \u2022 2026<\/div>\n<a class=\"fish-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fromthegroundupne.org\/archive\/taking-stock\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Read \u2192 <\/a><\/article>\n\n<article class=\"fish-reading-card\">\n<h3 class=\"fish-reading-title\">My Turn: Stocking against science \u2014 How fish hatcheries undermine biodiversity in Massachusetts<\/h3>\n<div class=\"fish-reading-meta\">Greenfield Recorder \u2022 2026<\/div>\n<a class=\"fish-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/recorder.com\/2026\/02\/11\/my-turn-stocking-against-science-how-fish-hatcheries-undermine-biodiversity-in-massachusetts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Read \u2192 <\/a><\/article>\n\n<article class=\"fish-reading-card\">\n<h3 class=\"fish-reading-title\">These animals can cause big trouble. Why are states unleashing them by the millions?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"fish-reading-meta\">Vox \u2022 2026<\/div>\n<a class=\"fish-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/climate\/483175\/fish-stocking-trout-wildlife-agencies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Read \u2192 <\/a><\/article>\n\n<article class=\"fish-reading-card\">\n<h3 class=\"fish-reading-title\">It\u2019s the season Mass. dumps 500,000 trout in local ponds. Not everyone is pleased<\/h3>\n<div class=\"fish-reading-meta\">Boston Globe \u2022 2026<\/div>\n<a class=\"fish-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bostonglobe.com\/2026\/04\/01\/metro\/stocked-trout-ponds-massachusetts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Read \u2192 <\/a><\/article>\n\n<article class=\"fish-reading-card\">\n<h3 class=\"fish-reading-title\">Berkshire environmentalists aim to sink state\u2019s nonnative fish stocking policy<\/h3>\n<div class=\"fish-reading-meta\">WAMC \u2022 2026<\/div>\n<a class=\"fish-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wamc.org\/news\/2026-02-20\/berkshire-environmentalists-aim-to-sink-states-nonnative-fish-stocking-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Read \u2192 <\/a><\/article>\n\n<article class=\"fish-reading-card\">\n<h3 class=\"fish-reading-title\">\nBerkshire Environmental Action Team launches campaign to end non-native fish stocking in Massachusetts<\/h3>\n<div class=\"fish-reading-meta\">The Berkshire Eagle \u2022 2026<\/div>\n<a class=\"fish-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.berkshireeagle.com\/news\/local\/beat-masswildlife-fish-stocking-opposition-campaign\/article_32f021e3-4448-4a8f-b455-9ab406c0f2f8.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Read \u2192 <\/a><\/article>\n\n<article class=\"fish-reading-card\">\n<h3 class=\"fish-reading-title\">\nState agencies\u2019 dependence on fish stocking reveals need for updated funding structure<\/h3>\n<div class=\"fish-reading-meta\">Wildlife For All \u2022 2026<\/div>\n<a class=\"fish-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/wildlifeforall.us\/fish-stocking-funding\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Read \u2192 <\/a><\/article>\n\n<article class=\"fish-reading-card\">\n<h3 class=\"fish-reading-title\">Native and Wild<\/h3>\n<div class=\"fish-reading-meta\">Trout Unlimited \u2022 2026<\/div>\n<a class=\"fish-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tu.org\/magazine\/from-the-president\/native-and-wild\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Read \u2192 <\/a><\/article>\n\n<article class=\"fish-reading-card\">\n<h3 class=\"fish-reading-title\">50 years of research overwhelmingly shows hatcheries are harmful to trout, salmon, char and more<\/h3>\n<div class=\"fish-reading-meta\">Hatch Magazine \u2022 2023<\/div>\n<a class=\"fish-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hatchmag.com\/articles\/50-years-research-overwhelmingly-shows-hatcheries-are\/7715778\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Read \u2192 <\/a><\/article>\n\n<article class=\"fish-reading-card\">\n<h3 class=\"fish-reading-title\">Division of Fisheries and Wildlife to cease stocking rainbow trout in Upper Deerfield River<\/h3>\n<div class=\"fish-reading-meta\">Greenfield Recorder \u2022 2025<\/div>\n<a class=\"fish-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/recorder.com\/2025\/03\/02\/masswildlife-to-cease-stocking-trout-above-zoar-gap-59714852\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Read \u2192 <\/a><\/article>\n\n\n<article class=\"fish-reading-card\">\n<h3 class=\"fish-reading-title\">The trouble with fish stocking<\/h3>\n<div class=\"fish-reading-meta\">Scientific American \u2022 2017<\/div>\n<a class=\"fish-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/scientificamerican.com\/article\/the-trouble-with-fish-stocking\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Read \u2192 <\/a><\/article>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/details><\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"fish-further-reading\" aria-labelledby=\"further-reading\">\n<h2 id=\"further-reading\">Email Templates<\/h2>\n<details class=\"fish-reading-accordion\">\n<summary>Open Templates<\/summary>\n<p>How to Use These Templates<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Choose the template that best reflects your situation (individual resident or organization\/group)<\/li>\n<li>Copy and paste it into your email \u2014 Don\u2019t forget to also copy and paste the subject line!<\/li>\n<li>Replace the bracketed sections with your information and personalize the message if you\u2019d like.<\/li>\n<li>Email it to DFG Commissioner Tom O\u2019Shea, <a href=\"mailto:tom.oshea@mass.gov\">tom.oshea@mass.gov<\/a>, and the MassWildlife Board, <a href=\"mailto:Mass.Wildlife@mass.gov\">Mass.Wildlife@Mass.Gov<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em>Tip: Personal messages are especially powerful \u2014 just a sentence or two about why this issue matters to you can say a lot.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>Template for individual resident<\/h3>\n[ Subject: ] Please Stop Stocking <mark>[Waterbody Name]&lt;\/mark<\/mark><\/p>\n<p><mark>[Date]<\/mark><\/p>\n<p>Dear Commissioner O\u2019Shea and Members of the Massachusetts Fisheries and Wildlife Board,<\/p>\n<p>I am a resident of <mark>[Town\/City]<\/mark>, and I care deeply about <mark>[Waterbody Name]<\/mark> in my community. I am writing to ask that MassWildlife stop stocking fish in this waterbody.<\/p>\n<p>I care about this issue because:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><mark>[I value protecting native fish and wildlife.]<\/mark><\/li>\n<li><mark>[I value healthy, natural ecosystems and believe our lakes, rivers, and streams should be managed to protect native species and biodiversity.]<\/mark><\/li>\n<li><mark>[Public waters should be managed for long-term ecological health, not short-term recreation.]<\/mark><\/li>\n<li><mark>[Our natural ecosystems and native wildlife populations deserve to be managed based on transparent, science-based conservation.]<\/mark><\/li>\n<li><mark>[Taxpayer-funded programs such as fish stocking should not harm biodiversity and water quality.]<\/mark><\/li>\n<li><mark>[Personal reason \u2013 e.g., I swim\/paddle\/fish here and want to see it thrive naturally.] <\/mark><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Please stop stocking in <mark>[Waterbody Name]<\/mark> and instead prioritize the protection and restoration of healthy, self-sustaining freshwater ecosystems.<\/p>\n<p>Thank you for your attention to this matter.<\/p>\n<p>Sincerely,<\/p>\n<p><mark>[Full Name]<\/mark><\/p>\n<p><mark>[Street Address, Town]<\/mark><\/p>\n<p><mark>[Email Address]<\/mark><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Template for organization\/group<\/h3>\n<p>Subject: Request to End Fish Stocking in <mark>[Waterbody Name]<\/mark><\/p>\n<p><mark>[Date]<\/mark><\/p>\n<p>Dear Commissioner O\u2019Shea and Members of the Massachusetts Fisheries and Wildlife Board,<\/p>\n<p>On behalf of <mark>[Organization Name]<\/mark>, we are writing to request that MassWildlife cease fish stocking in <mark>[Waterbody Name]<\/mark>.<\/p>\n<p>Our organization represents <mark>[number]<\/mark>residents\/members who are investing in the ecological health and long-term stewardship of this waterbody. As a <mark>[lake association \/ watershed group \/ conservation organization]<\/mark>, we prioritize biodiversity, water quality, and sustainable management practices and would like to see MassWildlife do the same.<\/p>\n<p>Fish stocking disrupts aquatic ecosystems and can cause native species to decline, adding ecological stressors to ecosystems already strained due to climate change. These impacts are inconsistent with our shared goal of protecting and stewarding resilient rivers and lakes.<\/p>\n<p>We respectfully request that stocking in <mark>[Waterbody Name]<\/mark> be suspended and that management decisions prioritize ecological integrity, transparency, and science-based evaluation of impacts.<\/p>\n<p>Sincerely,<\/p>\n<p><mark>[Full Name]<\/mark><\/p>\n<p><mark>[Title]<\/mark><\/p>\n<p><mark>[Organization\/Group Name]<\/mark><\/p>\n<p><mark>[Email Address]<\/mark><\/p>\n<\/details><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"fish-page\">\n<section class=\"fish-citations\">\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"cite-1\">Matthews, K. R. (2001). The influence of introduced trout on native aquatic invertebrate communities in a paired watershed study of High Sierran streams. University of California.<a href=\"https:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/1tr6k62h\">https:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/1tr6k62h<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li id=\"cite-2\">Haubrock, P. J., Novello, M., Abreo, N. A., B\u0142o\u0144ska, D., Sampaio Franco, A. C., Soto, I., Castaldelli, G., Katsanevakis, S., Kouba, A., Balzani, P., Kurtul, I., Tarkan, A. S., Briski, E., &#038; Britton, J. R. (2025). A global account of established non-native fish species. <em>Global Change Biology,<\/em> 31(8), e70451.<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.70451\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.70451<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li id=\"cite-3\">Houde, A. L. S., Smith, A. D., Wilson, C. C., Peres\u2010Neto, P. R., &#038; Neff, B. D. (2014). Competitive effects between rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon in natural and artificial streams. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 25(2), 248-260.<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eff.12206\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eff.12206<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li id=\"cite-4\">Whiting, D. P., Paukert, C. P., Healy, B. D., &#038; Spurgeon, J. J. (2014). Macroinvertebrate prey availability and food web dynamics of nonnative trout in a Colorado River tributary, Grand Canyon. <em>Freshwater Science, 33<\/em>(3), 872-884. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/676915\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/676915<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li id=\"cite-5\">Burrell, H. L. A. (2004). <em>The Effect Of Introduced Trout On Native, Non-Game Fish In The Watauga River, NC<\/em> [Graduate Thesis, College of Arts and Sciences]. <a href=\"https:\/\/appstate.figshare.com\/articles\/thesis\/The_Effect_Of_Introduced_Trout_On_Native_Non-Game_Fish_In_The_Watauga_River_NC\/29866766?file=57041819\">https:\/\/appstate.figshare.com\/articles\/thesis\/The_Effect_Of_Introduced_Trout_On_Native_Non-Game_Fish_In_The_Watauga_River_NC\/29866766?file=57041819<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li id=\"cite-6\">Miller, R. R., Williams, J. D., &#038; Williams, J. E. (1989). Extinctions of North American Fishes During the Past Century. <em>Fisheries.<\/em> 14(6), 22-38. DOI:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1577\/1548-8446(1989)014%3C0022:EONAFD%3E2.0.CO;2\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1577\/1548-8446(1989)014%3C0022:EONAFD%3E2.0.CO;2<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li id=\"cite-7\">U.S. Geological Survey. (2020). <em>Effects of introduced species on native brook trout: A guide to the scientific literature.<\/em> U.S. Geological Survey. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/centers\/chesapeake-bay-activities\/science\/effects-introduced-species-native-brook-trout-a-guide\">https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/centers\/chesapeake-bay-activities\/science\/effects-introduced-species-native-brook-trout-a-guide<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li id=\"cite-8\">Alexiades, A.V., &#038; Kraft, C.E. (2017). Effects of stocked trout on stream invertebrate communities, <em>Journal of Freshwater Ecology,<\/em> 32:1, 95-102, DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/02705060.2016.1248502\">10.1080\/02705060.2016.1248502<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li id=\"cite-9\">Liu, X., Wang, Y., Liu, H., Zhang, Y., Zhou, Q., Wen, X., Guo, W., &#038; Zhang, Z. (2024). A systematic review on aquaculture wastewater: Pollutants, impacts, and treatment technology. <em>Environmental Research,<\/em> 262(Part 1), Article 119793. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39147181\/\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119793<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li id=\"cite-10\">MacLeod, M. J., Hasan, M. R., Robb, D. H. F., et al. (2020). Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from global aquaculture. <em>Scientific Reports,<\/em> 10, Article 11679. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-68231-8\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-68231-8<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li id=\"cite-11\">Kashem, A. H. 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(2023). 50 years of research overwhelmingly shows hatcheries are harmful to trout, salmon, char, and more. <em>Hatch Magazine.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hatchmag.com\/articles\/50-years-research-overwhelmingly-shows-hatcheries-are\/7715778\">https:\/\/hatchmag.com\/articles\/50-years-research-overwhelmingly-shows-hatcheries-are\/7715778<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li id=\"cite-58\">Center for Biological Diversity. (N.d.) 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Stop Stocking Over Wild Native Fish. <em>Northwoods Sporting Journal,<\/em> p. 25 &#038; 27. <a href=\"https:\/\/sportingjournal.s3.amazonaws.com\/2023-3\/index.html#page=24\">https:\/\/sportingjournal.s3.amazonaws.com\/2023-3\/index.html#page=24<\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/ol>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Massachusetts continues to stock more than half a million non-native fish each year, despite scientific evidence that routine stocking can harm native species and ecosystems and despite the Commonwealth\u2019s own commitment to protecting biodiversity. &nbsp; WHAT IS FISH STOCKING? Fish&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-63030","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry","no-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Stop Non-Native Fish Stocking - Berkshire Environmental Action Team<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thebeatnews.org\/BeatTeam\/stop-stocking\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Stop Non-Native Fish Stocking - Berkshire Environmental Action Team\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Massachusetts continues to stock more than half a million non-native fish each year, despite scientific evidence that routine stocking can harm native species and ecosystems and despite the Commonwealth\u2019s own commitment to protecting biodiversity. &nbsp; WHAT IS FISH STOCKING? 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